2024 Food poisoning from mcdonald

Although this outbreak is smaller than those salads (which caused McDonald’s to pull salads from 3,000 locations in 15 states after over 400 cases), one McDonald’s in Jamestown, New York, has been linked to 22 cases of food poisoning. And they all point back to the breakfast sandwiches.. Sunny leone

In or around 1993 wing Commander Derek Simmonds died of food poisoning after eating at the local McDonald's. Kendall, UK. In or around 1993. A case of food poisoning of a McDonald's customer led to legal action for compensation. In January 1991 a number of people suffered food poisoning after eating burgers from McDonald's in Friargate, Preston.A cluster of Salmonella cases have been linked to a variety of restaurants in Bloomington, Ill. including a McDonald’s franchise, according to the McLean County Health Department. County and ... Mar 24, 2023 · Certain foods need to be cooked to a safe internal temperature. This includes meat; seafood; chicken, turkey, or other poultry; and eggs. If a restaurant serves you undercooked meat, poultry, seafood, or eggs, send it back to be cooked until it is safe to eat. Avoid lukewarm food. Cold food should be served cold, and hot food should be served hot. Aug 5, 2022 · But your length of illness can vary based on several factors. “Depending on the pathogen and your body’s reaction to it, some people can be ill with food poisoning for 10 days or even more ... Undercooked poultry is a main source of food poisoning, as bacteria -- such as campylobacter -- thrive if not killed by the high temperatures of cooking throughout the meat. Ildi Papp/shutterstockOct 27, 2021 · The research includes items from McDonald’s, Burger King, Pizza Hut, Domino’s, Taco Bell and Chipotle locations in San Antonio, Texas. Researchers obtained 64 food samples of hamburgers, fries ... Feb 26, 2018 · McDonald's remains committed to following the data and science with safety as our top priority. In response to the CDC's guidance, crew and customers will be required to resume wearing masks inside U.S. restaurants in areas with high or substantial transmission, regardless of vaccination status. Ugudubu of US. Apr 01, 2010 6:28 pm EDT. Resolved. Featured review. On or about June 21, I stopped and got my daughter a Happy Meal from Mcdonald on Skibo/Morganton in Fayetteville, NC. After driving for a few minutes. I told my child to give me the milk so I can open it. She had already drunk the majority of the milk.Tasty Made (2016–2018) Farmesa (2023–present) Website. www .chipotle .com. Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. ( / tʃɪˈpoʊtleɪ /, chih-POHT-lay ), [3] often known simply as Chipotle, is an American chain of fast casual restaurants specializing in bowls, tacos and Mission burritos made to order in front of the customer.Yeah and the fries were brown and looked old too… we were supposed to get the hot and spicy but they gave us the regular mcchicken sandwich I’m waiting to see if someone else got food poisoning too before I call and let management/the uni know How are you feeling currently? I got sick at around 5 pm and my bf got sick at around 11pm Apr 2, 2021 · McDonald's: Food poisoning - See 21 traveler reviews, 2 candid photos, and great deals for London, UK, at Tripadvisor. Food poisoning from McDonald's order. Hi all, First time poster here so apologies if I miss anything or make any faux pas! My girlfriend and I order a McDonald's delivery through Uber Eats yesterday at around 12pm or so and we both shared the food together. Around 6pm yesterday my girlfriend started complaining of stomach aches and then ... Ermon Trotter said after visiting the McDonald's in the 3700 block of Elm St. in St. Charles, he "awoke with horrible stomach cramping and diarrhea." ... showed that Trotter had food poisoning. He ...McDonald's Fast food chain S&P 500 Restaurant chain Finance Restaurant industry Restaurant Business, Economics, and Finance Consumer discretionary sector Food Business Food and Drink comments sorted by Best Top New Controversial Q&A Add a CommentWe would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Mar 31, 2023 · Food poisoning can begin immediately, especially if it is caused by a chemical contaminant. However, food poisoning is most commonly caused by organisms such as Norovirus or Salmonella. Onset from this type of food poisoning can range from as little as 1 hour (Staphylococcus aureus) to as long as 28 days (Hepatitis A). Undercooked poultry is a main source of food poisoning, as bacteria -- such as campylobacter -- thrive if not killed by the high temperatures of cooking throughout the meat. Ildi Papp/shutterstockA Russian customer has beaten fast-food giant McDonald’s in court for a second time. He suffered food poisoning after eating a Big Mac, and was awarded damages. McDonald’s challenged the decision, but a higher court again backed the Nizhny Novgorod resident. He will have his legal expenses covered and receive 1,500 rubles in damages ($50)…I hope food poisoning understands how I work. If I'm getting a McDonalds, I'll usually order a few extra double cheeseburgers. They last forever and just stick them in the microwave for 45 seconds with the wrapping still on and you're good to go. Used to know a guy who drove cab and worked the late shift.So as the plane took off for London Heathrow, a seven-and-a-half hour flight, I sat there with food poisoning and nothing but liquor, sparkling water and Miles Davis on Spotify to ease my pain. And just to completely remove all chances of sleeping it off, the nasty, demented old bitch lovely lady in the seat in front of me decided to light up ...Jan 27, 2023 · Food poisoning means sickness caused by eating food that contains an illness-causing bacteria, virus, or parasite. You can get sick when your food: isn’t cooked long enough; comes into contact with other tainted food, infected food handlers, or infected equipment, or; isn’t correctly refrigerated. In most cases, food poisoning causes mild ... I hope food poisoning understands how I work. If I'm getting a McDonalds, I'll usually order a few extra double cheeseburgers. They last forever and just stick them in the microwave for 45 seconds with the wrapping still on and you're good to go. Used to know a guy who drove cab and worked the late shift.Diarrhea. Diarrhea with bloody stools. Stomach pain and cramps. Fever. Headache. Less often food poisoning affects the nervous system and can cause severe disease. Symptoms may include: Blurred or double vision. Headache. Loss of movement in limbs. Problems with swallowing. Tingling or numbness of skin. Weakness. Changes in sound of the voice.Foodborne illnesses (sometimes called “food poisoning”) are caused by eating or drinking something that is contaminated with germs (such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites) or chemicals (such as toxins or metals) that can make people sick. Many foodborne illnesses can cause sudden symptoms like upset stomach, diarrhea, and vomiting, but ...McDonald's, 820 Young St, Tonawanda, NY 14150, Mon - Open 24 hours, Tue - Open 24 hours, Wed - Open 24 hours, Thu - Open 24 hours, Fri - Open 24 hours, Sat - Open 24 hours, Sun - Open 24 hoursJul 26, 2021 · Chi Chi's. Perhaps one of the most shocking cases of fast-food poisoning managed to put a nail in the coffin of an already spiraling brand. Chi Chi's was first launched in 1975 in a suburb of Minneapolis, and for years managed to quite successfully fill the burrito-shaped gap in the Midwestern fast-food scene. Foodborne illnesses (sometimes called “food poisoning”) are caused by eating or drinking something that is contaminated with germs (such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites) or chemicals (such as toxins or metals) that can make people sick. Many foodborne illnesses can cause sudden symptoms like upset stomach, diarrhea, and vomiting, but ...Tasty Made (2016–2018) Farmesa (2023–present) Website. www .chipotle .com. Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. ( / tʃɪˈpoʊtleɪ /, chih-POHT-lay ), [3] often known simply as Chipotle, is an American chain of fast casual restaurants specializing in bowls, tacos and Mission burritos made to order in front of the customer. McDonald's remains committed to following the data and science with safety as our top priority. In response to the CDC's guidance, crew and customers will be required to resume wearing masks inside U.S. restaurants in areas with high or substantial transmission, regardless of vaccination status.Yes, you can sue a restaurant for food poisoning. If you can prove that food served at the restaurant made you sick, you can file a personal injury claim. To do this, you will need to show: You ate food from the restaurant or contracted the illness from another person who ate there; Your illness caused you quantifiable harm. McDonald's: My partner got food poisoning after eating a McChicken burger - See 103 traveler reviews, 85 candid photos, and great deals for Bangkok, Thailand, at Tripadvisor.Food poisoning can begin immediately, especially if it is caused by a chemical contaminant. However, food poisoning is most commonly caused by organisms such as Norovirus or Salmonella. Onset from this type of food poisoning can range from as little as 1 hour (Staphylococcus aureus) to as long as 28 days (Hepatitis A).McDonald's: Food poisoning - See 21 traveler reviews, 2 candid photos, and great deals for London, UK, at Tripadvisor.McDonald's remains committed to following the data and science with safety as our top priority. In response to the CDC's guidance, crew and customers will be required to resume wearing masks inside U.S. restaurants in areas with high or substantial transmission, regardless of vaccination status.Nov 3, 2020 · A customer at a Mcdonald's in Seoul, South Korea, pictured on December 28, 2003. An investigation of McDonald’s in South Korea has been launched for its alleged connection to recent cases of the ... Food poisoning can begin immediately, especially if it is caused by a chemical contaminant. However, food poisoning is most commonly caused by organisms such as Norovirus or Salmonella. Onset from this type of food poisoning can range from as little as 1 hour (Staphylococcus aureus) to as long as 28 days (Hepatitis A).Foodborne illnesses (sometimes called “food poisoning”) are caused by eating or drinking something that is contaminated with germs (such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites) or chemicals (such as toxins or metals) that can make people sick. Many foodborne illnesses can cause sudden symptoms like upset stomach, diarrhea, and vomiting, but ...AARP Membership. Join AARP for $12 for your first year when you sign up for Automatic Renewal. Get instant access to members-only products and hundreds of discounts, a free second membership, and a subscription to AARP The Magazine . Join Now. Renew Today.In or around 1993 wing Commander Derek Simmonds died of food poisoning after eating at the local McDonald's. Kendall, UK. In or around 1993. A case of food poisoning of a McDonald's customer led to legal action for compensation. In January 1991 a number of people suffered food poisoning after eating burgers from McDonald's in Friargate, Preston. More than 3,000 McDonald’s locations have pulled salad from their menu following a widespread food poisoning outbreak across the Midwest. They have also removed salad blend from potentially affected distribution centers. Victims have potentially contracted an intestinal parasite, cyclospora, after eating at McDonald’s.Ms. Liebeck’s lawsuit initially led to a whopping award of $2.9 million in damages. It transformed the McDonald’s case into a byword for excessive litigation, said Prof. Ryan Calo, who teaches ...A cluster of Salmonella cases have been linked to a variety of restaurants in Bloomington, Ill. including a McDonald’s franchise, according to the McLean County Health Department. County and ... technically you can get food poisoning from almost any food but mcdonald’s is processed as hell so honestly the chances of getting sick from it are quite low. a hard piece of chicken was more than likely just cartilage or some other kind of connective tissue, which is gross but not harmful! Gabshasfun • 3 mo. ago.Jul 26, 2021 · Chi Chi's. Perhaps one of the most shocking cases of fast-food poisoning managed to put a nail in the coffin of an already spiraling brand. Chi Chi's was first launched in 1975 in a suburb of Minneapolis, and for years managed to quite successfully fill the burrito-shaped gap in the Midwestern fast-food scene. As Business Insider revealed in a 2018 interview with food-poisoning expert Bill Marler, soft-serve machines, if improperly maintained, can become sources of listeria, a potentially lethal bacterial infection. So the potential for unsafe soft serve at McDonald's could be greater than you might have thought.Foodborne illnesses (sometimes called “food poisoning”) are caused by eating or drinking something that is contaminated with germs (such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites) or chemicals (such as toxins or metals) that can make people sick. Many foodborne illnesses can cause sudden symptoms like upset stomach, diarrhea, and vomiting, but ...Ermon Trotter said after visiting the McDonald's in the 3700 block of Elm St. in St. Charles, he "awoke with horrible stomach cramping and diarrhea." ... showed that Trotter had food poisoning. He ...Food poisoning from McDonald's order. Hi all, First time poster here so apologies if I miss anything or make any faux pas! My girlfriend and I order a McDonald's delivery through Uber Eats yesterday at around 12pm or so and we both shared the food together. Around 6pm yesterday my girlfriend started complaining of stomach aches and then ...McDonalds food poisoning can happen and the most reported symptoms are nausea and diarrhea. Salmonella is a common diagnosis reported by customers. The last major multi-state outbreak at McDonalds occured in Aug 2018 when 395 people got sick from salad mix contaminated with Cyclospora.Nov 16, 2020 · AARP Membership. Join AARP for $12 for your first year when you sign up for Automatic Renewal. Get instant access to members-only products and hundreds of discounts, a free second membership, and a subscription to AARP The Magazine . Join Now. Renew Today. How common is McDonald’s food poisoning? Why is McDonald’s food so susceptible to contamination and disease? McDonald’s food poisoning often consists of bacterial illnesses like E. coli. Factory farming and unsanitary conditions in restaurants can lead to food poisoning issues.weakness and a lack of energy. loss of appetite. a high temperature (fever) aching muscles. chills. The symptoms usually start within 1 to 2 days after eating contaminated food. Symptoms can start between a few hours and a few weeks later. In most cases, these symptoms will pass in a few days and you will make a full recovery.How to sue McDonald's for giving me food poisoning - Quora. Something went wrong. Wait a moment and try again. Although this outbreak is smaller than those salads (which caused McDonald’s to pull salads from 3,000 locations in 15 states after over 400 cases), one McDonald’s in Jamestown, New York, has been linked to 22 cases of food poisoning. And they all point back to the breakfast sandwiches.Ms. Liebeck’s lawsuit initially led to a whopping award of $2.9 million in damages. It transformed the McDonald’s case into a byword for excessive litigation, said Prof. Ryan Calo, who teaches ...A takeaway rated the UK’s worst KFC restaurant has received criticisms over food poisoning, slow service, poor hygiene and incorrect orders. Out of more than 900 stores across the country, the ...As Business Insider revealed in a 2018 interview with food-poisoning expert Bill Marler, soft-serve machines, if improperly maintained, can become sources of listeria, a potentially lethal bacterial infection. So the potential for unsafe soft serve at McDonald's could be greater than you might have thought.Burger King suffered its first significant restaurant food poisoning crisis in 1997. Then, Sixteen people suffered E.coli symptoms from the tainted hamburger. As they looked for the source of the contamination, Burger King removed all hamburgers from its menu in 650 of its 1,650 locations, selling only chicken and fish.Reheating food from McDonald’s is both easy and convenient. For most McDonald’s menu items, all you need is an oven. Other times you’ll need a microwave, air fryer, or a frying pan. Keep in mind not to reheat your food more than once as it’ll deteriorate its quality greatly and can also lead to food poisoning.Yes, you can sue a restaurant for food poisoning. If you can prove that food served at the restaurant made you sick, you can file a personal injury claim. To do this, you will need to show: You ate food from the restaurant or contracted the illness from another person who ate there; Your illness caused you quantifiable harm.Sep 4, 2023 · Whether purchased from a restaurant or cooked at home, chicken nuggets can cause food poisoning. The biggest risk comes from undercooked chicken nuggets. Restaurants can unknowingly serve them raw and home cooks could easily assume they are precooked creating a risk of salmonella food poisoning. Last updated: September 4, 2023 But your length of illness can vary based on several factors. “Depending on the pathogen and your body’s reaction to it, some people can be ill with food poisoning for 10 days or even more ...AARP Membership. Join AARP for $12 for your first year when you sign up for Automatic Renewal. Get instant access to members-only products and hundreds of discounts, a free second membership, and a subscription to AARP The Magazine . Join Now. Renew Today.Food poisoning can be particularly dangerous for them because illness can lead to diarrhea and dehydration. Children younger than 5 are three times more likely to be hospitalized if they get a Salmonella infection. Kidney failure strikes 1 out of 7 children under age 5 who are diagnosed with E. coli O157 infection.Sep 2, 2023 · It's possible to get food poisoning from store-bought ice cream or from a shop. Salmonella is a commonly reported diagnosis. In the past, ice cream has been recalled for Salmonella and linked to an outbreak that hospitalized 11. Common ice cream food poisoning symptoms are nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting. Learn more A customer at a Mcdonald's in Seoul, South Korea, pictured on December 28, 2003. An investigation of McDonald’s in South Korea has been launched for its alleged connection to recent cases of the ...A McDonald’s spokesperson said: "Food safety and quality are of the utmost importance to us. We place great emphasis on quality control and follow rigorous standards in order to avoid any ...As Business Insider revealed in a 2018 interview with food-poisoning expert Bill Marler, soft-serve machines, if improperly maintained, can become sources of listeria, a potentially lethal bacterial infection. So the potential for unsafe soft serve at McDonald's could be greater than you might have thought.Foodborne illnesses (sometimes called “food poisoning”) are caused by eating or drinking something that is contaminated with germs (such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites) or chemicals (such as toxins or metals) that can make people sick. Many foodborne illnesses can cause sudden symptoms like upset stomach, diarrhea, and vomiting, but ...According to FoodSafety.gov, sprouts have been responsible for as many as 30 outbreaks of food poisoning since 1996. Protocols were put in place in 1999 to try to regulate the safety of sprouts that made it to market, but there's still no real solution to a problem that starts right from seed.The good news is, food poisoning usually goes away quickly too. Most people recover in a couple of days with no lasting problems. In a few cases, severe food poisoning can mean a visit to the doctor or hospital. When people need medical treatment for food poisoning, it's often because of dehydration. Getting dehydrated is the most common ... We are currently accepting new food poisoning lawsuits across the country, and you may be entitled to financial compensation. We offer a Free Case Evaluation. Please contact us using the form below or by calling us at (800) 279-6386. We would be honored to speak with you and respond promptly to every inquiry we receive.A total of 109 people infected with the outbreak strain of E. coli O157:H7 were reported from 6 states (see map ). Illnesses started on dates ranging from July 26, 2022, to August 17, 2022 (see timeline ). Sick people ranged in age from 1 to 94 years, with a median age of 22 years, and 55% were male. Of 97 people with information available, 52 ...Jan 19, 2018 · Food poisoning: the need to show causation. In Bindseil v. McDonald’s Restaurants of Canada Ltd. 2009 BCSC 61, the plaintiff developed terrible stomach cramps and bloody diarrhea one day after he consumed food at McDonald’s on June 9, 2004. The plaintiff attended the doctor on June 11 and attended hospital few days later. Apr 17, 2023 · Things you should know. Dogs should not be fed human food, including cheeseburgers, for some good reasons: Cheeseburgers are high in salt, onions, garlic, oil, fats, sugar and other ingredients that are toxic to dogs. Onions and garlic are harmful to dogs, and excessive amounts of salt and fat can cause illnesses such as sodium ion poisoning ... Food poisoning can begin immediately, especially if it is caused by a chemical contaminant. However, food poisoning is most commonly caused by organisms such as Norovirus or Salmonella. Onset from this type of food poisoning can range from as little as 1 hour (Staphylococcus aureus) to as long as 28 days (Hepatitis A).A cluster of Salmonella cases have been linked to a variety of restaurants in Bloomington, Ill. including a McDonald’s franchise, according to the McLean County Health Department. County and ... Diarrhea. Diarrhea with bloody stools. Stomach pain and cramps. Fever. Headache. Less often food poisoning affects the nervous system and can cause severe disease. Symptoms may include: Blurred or double vision. Headache. Loss of movement in limbs. Problems with swallowing. Tingling or numbness of skin. Weakness. Changes in sound of the voice.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. In or around 1993 wing Commander Derek Simmonds died of food poisoning after eating at the local McDonald's. Kendall, UK. In or around 1993. A case of food poisoning of a McDonald's customer led to legal action for compensation. In January 1991 a number of people suffered food poisoning after eating burgers from McDonald's in Friargate, Preston. How common is McDonald’s food poisoning? Why is McDonald’s food so susceptible to contamination and disease? McDonald’s food poisoning often consists of bacterial illnesses like E. coli. Factory farming and unsanitary conditions in restaurants can lead to food poisoning issues.AARP Membership. Join AARP for $12 for your first year when you sign up for Automatic Renewal. Get instant access to members-only products and hundreds of discounts, a free second membership, and a subscription to AARP The Magazine . Join Now. Renew Today.Nov 16, 2020 · AARP Membership. Join AARP for $12 for your first year when you sign up for Automatic Renewal. Get instant access to members-only products and hundreds of discounts, a free second membership, and a subscription to AARP The Magazine . Join Now. Renew Today. Nov 3, 2020 · A customer at a Mcdonald's in Seoul, South Korea, pictured on December 28, 2003. An investigation of McDonald’s in South Korea has been launched for its alleged connection to recent cases of the ... This is a common question, but it may not be the best one to ask when it comes to personal injury lawsuits over food poisoning. If you ate at a particular restaurant and became sick afterward, you might suspect that something in the food or some factor related to the restaurant's sanitation caused your illness. And you might be right.

Phone the toll-free USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline at 1-888-MPHotline (1-888-674-6854) or report the complaint online. For details, see Problems with Food Products (USDA). Food (Except Meat, Poultry or Processed Egg Products) Phone the FDA Main Emergency Number at 866-300-4374 or phone the Consumer Complaint Coordinator for your state or area.. Hannaford next week

So as the plane took off for London Heathrow, a seven-and-a-half hour flight, I sat there with food poisoning and nothing but liquor, sparkling water and Miles Davis on Spotify to ease my pain. And just to completely remove all chances of sleeping it off, the nasty, demented old bitch lovely lady in the seat in front of me decided to light up ...I would say it was from the mayo if anything. You would have to act quick though. The doctors could prbably determine what type of bacteria caused the sickness. If the same bacteria was found in the mayo at mcdonalds for example, you may be able to prove it. But you would think that there would be more than just one case of food poisoning.Food poisoning can begin immediately, especially if it is caused by a chemical contaminant. However, food poisoning is most commonly caused by organisms such as Norovirus or Salmonella. Onset from this type of food poisoning can range from as little as 1 hour (Staphylococcus aureus) to as long as 28 days (Hepatitis A).In or around 1993 wing Commander Derek Simmonds died of food poisoning after eating at the local McDonald's. Kendall, UK. In or around 1993. A case of food poisoning of a McDonald's customer led to legal action for compensation. In January 1991 a number of people suffered food poisoning after eating burgers from McDonald's in Friargate, Preston.In general, a Big Mac can sit out overnight and be eaten – be careful of the soft cheeses as they can sometimes grow harmful bacteria. Also, make sure it was left in a clean area where it is properly covered. Of course, if it is 100% properly cooked, then it is safe to eat the next day. While it may still be edible the next day, the taste ...Jul 26, 2021 · Chi Chi's. Perhaps one of the most shocking cases of fast-food poisoning managed to put a nail in the coffin of an already spiraling brand. Chi Chi's was first launched in 1975 in a suburb of Minneapolis, and for years managed to quite successfully fill the burrito-shaped gap in the Midwestern fast-food scene. Sep 5, 2023 · McDonalds food poisoning can happen and the most reported symptoms are nausea and diarrhea. Salmonella is a common diagnosis reported by customers. The last major multi-state outbreak at McDonalds occured in Aug 2018 when 395 people got sick from salad mix contaminated with Cyclospora. Last updated: August 29, 2023 McDonald's Matthew Weaver. At least one person has died and more than 200 children have been poisoned in an ongoing salmonella outbreak in the UK linked to cheap breaded chicken products. The first cases of ...I read an amazing paper about that time someone gave an entire epidemiology conference food poisoning with under cooked chicken. The standout finding was that severity and likelihood of illness weren't dose-dependent - at least to the difference between one chicken fillet or two. Suspected food poisoning. Symptoms: Diarrhea, Vomiting Suspected source: Mcdonalds food Onset: 4 to 12 hours Duration: 12 to 24 hours Sick: A loved one Additional information: Vomiting and diarrhea just hous after eating there.We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. I hope you're feeling better soon. I know how violently ill severe food poisoning can make you. Drink plenty of fluids. Get Gatorade in the house, if you can. Oh, and bananas if you're at the solid food stage yet. They can help "plug" you up a bit and give you that potassium that's probably been depleted.A total of 511 laboratory-confirmed cases of Cyclospora infection were reported in people who consumed salads from McDonald’s restaurants; the cases were reported by 15 states and New York City.Jul 29, 2018 · Officials with the Illinois Department of Public Health are investigating several food poisoning cases that may be linked to McDonald’s salads. About 90 cases of an intestinal illness called cyclosporiasis caused by the cyclospora parasite have been investigated since people started becoming ill in May. Many of the people had eaten a salad at ... .

Food poisoning from mcdonald - Matthew Weaver. At least one person has died and more than 200 children have been poisoned in an ongoing salmonella outbreak in the UK linked to cheap breaded chicken products. The first cases of ...

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